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On the applicability of different adhesion models in adhesive particulate flows

Guanqing LIU, Shuiqing LI, Qiang YAO,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第2期页码 280-286 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0062-5

摘要： An adhesion map provides quantitative criteria for the appropriate selection of adhesion models applicable to a specific adhesive contact problem of fine particles in complex particulate flows. In this paper, three different general adhesion models are used to construct adhesion maps. The applicable regimes on the adhesion map for different approximate adhesion models are determined according to their underlying limitations. It is found that the choice of general model has limited influence on the structure of a constructed adhesion map. On the contrary, the regime of application for each approximate model is sensitive to the approximation level. A three-dimensional, more intuitive adhesion map based on physical parameters of particles is also built. Finally, recent applications of adhesion models in discrete element method (DEM) investigations of fine-particle flow dynamics are briefly discussed.

关键词： adhesive contact van der Waals force adhesion model adhesion map DEM

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Vibration analysis of nano-structure multilayered graphene sheets using modified strain gradient theory

Amir ALLAHBAKHSHI,Masih ALLAHBAKHSHI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第10卷第2期页码 187-197 doi: 10.1007/s11465-015-0339-9

摘要：

In this paper, for the first time, the modified strain gradient theory is used as a new size-dependent Kirchhoff micro-plate model to study the effect of interlayer van der Waals (vdW) force for the vibration analysis of multilayered graphene sheets (MLGSs). The model contains three material length scale parameters, which may effectively capture the size effect. The model can also degenerate into the modified couple stress plate model or the classical plate model, if two or all of the material length scale parameters are taken to be zero. After obtaining the governing equations based on modified strain gradient theory via principle of minimum potential energy, as only infinitesimal vibration is considered, the net pressure due to the vdW interaction is assumed to be linearly proportional to the deflection between two layers. To solve the governing equation subjected to the boundary conditions, the Fourier series is assumed for w=w(x, y). To show the accuracy of the formulations, present results in specific cases are compared with available results in literature and a good agreement can be seen. The results indicate that the present model can predict prominent natural frequency with the reduction of structural size, especially when the plate thickness is on the same order of the material length scale parameter.

关键词： graphene van der Waals (vdW) force modi- fied strain gradient elasticity theory size effect parameter

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Shaking-moment balancing of mechanisms with principal vectors and momentum

V. van der WIJK

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第8卷第1期页码 10-16 doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0359-2

摘要：

The design of shaking-moment-balanced linkages still is challenging. Considering moment balance in the very beginning of the design process of mechanisms is important for finding applicable solutions. For this purpose, the method of principal vectors is investigated, showing a compact notation of the angular momentum with respect to the center of mass. The moment balance conditions are derived for three elements in series from which balance solutions are synthesized and illustrated. From the application for moment balancing of a 4R four-bar linkage it is shown that the moment balancing of closed kinematic chains remains challenging.

关键词： shaking-moment balancing principal vector linkage angular momentum

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Hydro-pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass over alumina supported Platinum, Mo

Songbo He, Jeffrey Boom, Rolf van der Gaast, K. Seshan

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期页码 155-161 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1655-x

摘要： In-line hydro-treatment of bio-oil vapor from fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass (hydro-pyrolysis of biomass) is studied as a method of upgrading the liquefied bio-oil for a possible precursor to green fuels. The nobel metal (Pt) and non-noble metal catalysts (Mo C and WC) were compared at 500 °C and atmospheric pressure which are same as the reaction conditions for fast pyrolysis of biomass. Results indicated that under the pyrolysis conditions, the major components, such as acids and carbonyls, of the fast pyrolysis bio-oil can be completely and partially hydrogenated to form hydrocarbons, an ideal fossil fuel blend, in the hydro-treated bio-oil. The carbide catalysts perform equally well as the Pt catalyst regarding to the aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon formation (ca. 60%), showing the feasibility of using the cheap non-noble catalysts for hydro-pyrolysis of biomass.

关键词： bio-oil pyrolysis hydro-deoxygenation (HDO) non-noble metal catalysts hydro-treatment

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致力于血管内光学相干成像术的Ni A微电机导管

Tianshi Wang, Gijs van Soest, Antonius F. W. van der Steen

《工程（英文）》 2015年第1卷第1期页码 15-17 doi: 10.15302/J-ENG-2015018

摘要：

我们研发了一种新型的血管内光学相干成像术（IV-OCT），该技术能极其快速地实现冠状动脉成像，并通过消除心脏运动伪影和欠采样以实现图像的更高质量。它所依赖的成像探头包括一个直径为1.0 mm 且转速为5600 rev·s^–1的同步微电机，使IV-OCT 的帧频达到5.6 kHz，并使用每秒产生280 万图像扫描线的波长扫描激光器。通过使用该设备，我们团队在设置速度为100 mm·s^–1时实现了体外5600 fps 和体内4000 fps 的成像速度。由实验对象的心电图触发整个图像采集过程，当心脏在跳动过程中相对不强烈时扫描冠状动脉，因此该技术还有一个新名字，"心动光学相干成像术"（Heartbeat OCT）。

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Intercropping enables a sustainable intensification of agriculture

Wopke VAN DER WERF, Chunjie LI, Wen-Feng CONG, Fusuo ZHANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第3期页码 254-256 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020352

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Coronary leukocyte activation in relation to progression of coronary artery disease

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第1期页码 85-90 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0435-1

摘要：

Leukocyte activation has been linked to atherogenesis, but there is little in vivo evidence for its role in the progression of atherosclerosis. We evaluated the predictive value for progression of coronary artery disease (CAD) of leukocyte activation markers in the coronary circulation. Monocyte and neutrophil CD11b, neutrophil CD66b expression and intracellular neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the coronary arteries were determined by flow cytometry in patients undergoing coronary angiography. The primary outcome included fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction or arterial vascular intervention due to unstable angina pectoris. In total 99 subjects who were included, 70 had CAD at inclusion (26 patients had single-vessel disease, 18 patients had two-vessel disease and 26 patients had three-vessel disease). The median follow-up duration was 2242 days (interquartile range: 2142–2358). During follow-up, 13 patients (13%) developed progression of CAD. Monocyte CD11b, neutrophil CD11b and CD66b expression and intracellular MPO measured in blood obtained from the coronary arteries were not associated with the progression of CAD. These data indicate that coronary monocyte CD11b, neutrophil CD11b and CD66b expression and intracellular MPO do not predict the risk of progression of CAD.

关键词： coronary artery disease inflammation integrin myeloperoxidase leukocyte activation

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Soil biodiversity and crop diversification are vital components of healthy soils and agricultural sustainability

A. van der HEIJDEN, Fusuo ZHANG, S. Franz BENDER

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第3期页码 236-242 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020336

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Plasma for cancer treatment: How can RONS penetrate through the cell membrane? Answers from computer modeling

Annemie Bogaerts, Maksudbek Yusupov, Jamoliddin Razzokov, Jonas Van der Paal

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第2期页码 253-263 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1786-8

摘要： Plasma is gaining increasing interest for cancer treatment, but the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Using computer simulations at the molecular level, we try to gain better insight in how plasma-generated reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) can penetrate through the cell membrane. Specifically, we compare the permeability of various (hydrophilic and hydrophobic) RONS across both oxidized and non-oxidized cell membranes. We also study pore formation, and how it is hampered by higher concentrations of cholesterol in the cell membrane, and we illustrate the much higher permeability of H O through aquaporin channels. Both mechanisms may explain the selective cytotoxic effect of plasma towards cancer cells. Finally, we also discuss the synergistic effect of plasma-induced oxidation and electric fields towards pore formation.

关键词： plasma medicine cancer treatment computer modelling cell membrane reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

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Mitigating nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils by precision management

REES, Juliette MAIRE, Anna FLORENCE, Nicholas COWAN, Ute SKIBA, Tony van der WEERDEN, Xiaotang JU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第1期页码 75-80 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019294

摘要：

Nitrous oxide (N O) emissions make up a significant part of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. There is an urgent need to identify new approaches to the mitigation of these emissions with emerging technology. In this short review four approaches to precision managements of agricultural systems are described based on examples of work being undertaken in the UK and New Zealand. They offer the opportunity for N O mitigation without any reduction in productivity. These approaches depend upon new sensor technology, modeling and spatial information with which to make management decisions and interventions that can both improve agricultural productivity and environmental protection.

关键词： decision support systems mitigation nitrous oxide precision farming

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Developments in genetic modification of cattle and implications for regulation, safety and traceability

Jan Pieter VAN DER BERG, Gijs A. KLETER, Evy BATTAGLIA, Martien A. M. GROENEN, Esther J. KOK

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第2期页码 136-147 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019306

摘要：

Genetic modification techniques, in particular novel gene editing technologies, hold the yet unfulfilled promise of altering genetic traits in farm animals more efficiently than by crossbreeding, allowing for a more rapid development of new cattle breeds with distinct traits. Gene editing technologies allow for the directed alteration of specific traits and thereby have the potential to enhance, for instance, disease resilience, production yield and the production of desired substances in milk. The potential implications of these technological advancements, which are often combined with animal cloning methods, are discussed both for animal health and for consumer safety, also with consideration of available methods for the detection and identification of the related products in the food supply chain. Finally, an overview is provided of current regulatory approaches in the European Union (EU) and major countries exporting beef to the EU, for products from animals bred through established practices as well as modern biotechnologies.

关键词： cattle food safety gene editing genetic modification GMO detection regulation

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从全球城市视角解码水系统碳中和 Article

林家良, 刘刚, Anne Marieke Motelica-Wagenaar, Jan Peter van der Hoek

《工程（英文）》 2022年第14卷第7期页码 77-85 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.04.012

摘要：

当前，很多城市已做出碳中和承诺，城市水系统也可以为构建碳中和城市贡献力量。本研究采用多城市时序分析法，评估了阿姆斯特丹、墨尔本、纽约和东京等四个城市，在水系统温室气体（GHG）排放管理方面的进展情况及经验教训。这些城市在水系统温室气体减排目标制定和排放情况报告方面，一直走在世界前列。尽管这些年来多次“反弹”，但相比十多年前，这4个城市水系统的温室气体排放量都有所下降，近三年平均减排量达到13%~32%。温室气体排放量下降归功于多种工程措施，如太阳能和小型水力发电、沼气定价、污泥消化、焚烧及曝气系统优化等。与此同时，这些城市认识到，在实现碳中和目标的道路上仍有众多挑战，包括动态变化的需水量和降雨量、碳密集型防洪和供水战略、满足新的空气和水质标准以及修正温室气体排放核算方法等。本研究也证实，水系统靠自身实现碳中和十分困难，必须扩大常规的系统边界，统筹外部的工程和非工程机会，携手其他行业共同构建碳中和城市。

关键词：城市水系统温室气体排放全球城市缓解气候变化碳中和

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血浆代谢组学结合超微弱发光表征早期2型糖尿病的中医证型 Article

何敏, 孙濛濛, Slavik Koval, Roeland Van Wijk, Thomas Hankemeier, Jan Van der Greef, Eduard P.A.Van Wijk, 王梅

《工程（英文）》 2019年第5卷第5期页码 916-923 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.03.011

摘要：

2型糖尿病（T2DM）的患病率在全球范围内呈迅速上升趋势。因通用干预措施收效甚微，所以疾病研究的重点已经转向个性化策略，特别是疾病的早期阶段的个性化策略。中医基于系统观建立并结合了个性化策略，提高了我们对个性化诊断的认识。从系统生物学的角度，例如将代谢组学与其他系统性诊断方法（如超微弱发光）相结合，可提高对个性化诊断的理解，同时为此类个性化诊疗策略提供生化相关物质基础。在本研究中，我们研究了44名处于2型糖尿病前期的受试者的血浆代谢组学，探讨了基于以下中医亚型进行疾病早期分型的可行性：气阴两虚、气阴两虚挟痰湿、气阴两虚挟血瘀。此外，通过血浆代谢组学和超微弱发光在中医亚分型方面的关系，获得体内生化参数与体外表征参数的关联性信息，从而尝试对疾病亚型分类及判断有更深一步的阐释。结果表明，血浆代谢物的主成分分析揭示了从中医角度划分的2型糖尿病前期不同亚型之间的差异性。对于3种2型糖尿病前期亚型，相对含量较高的脂质（如胆固醇酯和甘油三酯）是鉴别其中之二的重要元素，并且可能与较高的心血管疾病风险相关。血浆代谢组学数据表明，血脂谱是超微弱发光在2型糖尿病亚型分型中收集的重要组成部分。结果表明，2型糖尿病前期的不同中医亚型之间存在代谢差异，可通过血浆代谢物分析来区分这些亚型，血浆代谢组学为系统性超微弱发光体表测量提供了生化参数相关依据。

关键词： 2型糖尿病血浆代谢物疾病亚型超微弱发光相关性网络

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面向未来饮用水净化的OSRO技术——基于河岸过滤的一步反渗透技术 Perspective

Yujia Zhai, 刘刚, Walter G.J. van der Meer

《工程（英文）》 2022年第9卷第2期页码 27-34 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.02.015

摘要：

水环境中出现的新污染物给饮用水处理厂带来了巨大挑战。由于新污染物的浓度较低、特性不明，传统的水处理工艺无法对其进行有效去除，因此技术、经济和环境友好的水净化技术日益重要。本文介绍了一种由河岸过滤（riverbank filtration, RBF）和反渗透（reverse osmosis, RO）组成的一步反渗透（one-step reverse osmosis, OSRO）概念，用于饮用水处理。OSRO概念结合了相对成本较低的河水自然预处理与先进的工程净化系统。RBF提供了一个连续天然水源，具有稳定的水质和强大的污染物屏障。与直接提取地表水相比，由于预先清除了颗粒物、有机物、有机微污染物（organic micro-pollutant, OMP）和微生物，RBF成为基于RO膜的净化系统的理想水源。OSRO处理可以去除几乎99.9%的颗粒物、病原体、病毒和OMP，以及绝大多数的营养物质，从而满足无氯饮用水的要求，且具有较高的生物稳定性。与标准的常规净化步骤（包括喷淋过滤器过滤、软化操作和活性炭吸附）相比，OSRO处理更具有成本效益。人工滤池（artificial bank filtration, ABF）与砂滤系统相结合，起到人工补给的作用，是OSRO概念中RBF的替代方案，用于从当地可用资源中供应饮用水。本文建议以风能作为替代能源来实施OSRO，以提高可持续性和可再生性。本文还提出了一种基于OSRO的分散式系统，用于水的回收和再利用。本文建议未来的水处理应侧重于自然系统和工程系统的结合，通过技术上有效、经济上可行、资源可重复利用和与环境相关的方式提供饮用水。

关键词：饮用水处理河岸过滤反渗透人工滤池水资源回收和再利用

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Modeling limit force capacities of high force to volume lead extrusion dampers

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期页码 609-622 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0724-x

摘要： Lead extrusion dampers are supplemental energy-dissipation devices that are used to mitigate seismic structural damage. Small volumetric sizes and high force capacities define high-force-to-volume (HF2V) devices, which can absorb significant response energy without sacrificial damage. However, the design of such devices for specific force capacities has proven difficult based on the complexities of their internal reaction mechanisms, leading to the adoption of empirical approaches. This study developed upper- and lower-bound force capacity estimates from analytical mechanics based on direct and indirect metal extrusion for guiding design. The derived equations are strictly functions of HF2V device geometric parameters, lead material properties, and extrusion mechanics. The upper-bound estimates from direct and indirect extrusion are denoted as (F_UB,1, F_UB,2) and (F_UB,3, F_UB,4), respectively, and the lower-bound estimates are denoted as (F_LB, F_LB,1) based on the combination of extrusion and friction forces. The proposed models were validated by comparing the predicted bounds to experimental force capacity data from 15 experimental HF2V device tests. The experimental device forces all lie above the lower-bound estimates (F_LB, F_LB,1) and below the upper-bound estimates (F_UB,1, F_UB,2, F_UB,4). Overall, the (F_LB, F_UB,2) pair provides wider bounds and the (F_LB,1, F_UB,4/F_UB,1) pair provides narrower bounds. The (F_LB,1, F_UB,1) pair has a mean lower-bound gap of 36%, meaning the lower bound was 74% of the actual device force on average. The mean upper-bound gap was 33%. The bulge area and cylinder diameter of HF2V devices are key parameters affecting device forces. These relatively tight bounds provide useful mechanics-based predictive design guides for ensuring that device forces are within the targeted design range after manufacturing.

关键词： extrusion lead dampers upper and lower bound analytical modelling limit force